The Argument For Voluntary Motherhood - 1813 Words

This question got people thinking. Around the 1870’s a campaign began called â€Å"voluntary motherhood† which was a program suggesting that married couples should resist sexual activity for long periods of time to keep from having unwanted children. Some feminists during this time were pushing the campaign of â€Å"Voluntary Motherhood†. â€Å"Contesting† against the conservative party and their extreme beliefs became one of the most â€Å"powerful feminist movements†. The main problem was really that women did not always want to be mothers. Despite contrary belief, some women had no desire to bear children. Thus, the feminists argued â€Å"Voluntary Motherhood† and claimed it as their main slogan. This simply means that women who actually desire to be mothers†¦show more content†¦Really, this issue throughout most of its stages is nothing more than a conflict between social radicals and social conservatives. People seemed to be so frightened by the fact that women no longer wanted to be completely submissive to men and therefore continuing to birth numerous children, that they automatically assumed that women just wanted to run around and be promiscuous(Tone 148). One of the earliest waves of this movement began in 1870 ,which Tone describes as the â€Å"Victorian sexual system†(Tone 148). During this time, people of strong morale stated that the purpose of sexual â€Å"activity† for women is solely for reproduction. Many people could not believe that women would ever have any type of sexual desire that was unrelated to the desire to be a mother(Tone 148). And for those who did believe that women might have some sort of â€Å"sex drive†, they believed that it was directly related to the duty to satisfy their husbands(Tone148). Of course, men were one hundred percent entitled to having strong sexual desires and were in no way patronized for that. In fact, many married men would find sexua l pleasure outside of their marriages, with prostitutes and otherwise promiscuous ladies. Within the churches, preaches spoke of how women with sexual desires were â€Å"unwomanly† and that their only true desire should be that of domesticity and maternity. â€Å"Many forces to be mentioned later, were clearly at work in curbing fertility, but the powerShow MoreRelated Margit Stange’s Literary Criticism of Chopin’s The Awakening1350 Words   |  6 PagesStange evaluates The Awakening in the context of the feminist ideology of the late nineteenth century. Specifically, she argues that Edna is seeking what Chopin’s contemporaries denoted self-ownership, a notion that pivoted on sexual choice and â€Å"voluntary motherhood† (276). Stange makes a series of meaningful connections between Kate Chopin’s dramatization of Edna Pontellier’s â€Å"awakening† and the historical context of feminist thought that Stange believes influenced the novel. For example, she equatesRead More Margit Stange’s Literary Criticism of Chopin’s The Awakening808 Words   |  4 Pagesand Chopin’s thinking are Stange’s well-chosen references to the contemporary ideology that shapes Edna’s thinking and her choices. Stange argues that Edna is seeking the late-nineteenth-century conception of self-ownership, which pivots on â€Å"voluntary motherhood.† Edna’s awakening, her acquisition of self-determination, comes from identifying and re-distributing what she owns, which Stange argues is her body. For example, Edna’s skin indicates early in the novel her more complex relationship with herRead MoreThe World Is A Free Motherhood1176 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The most important force in the remaking of the world is a free motherhood.† This quote from Margaret Sanger highlights many first wave feminists views about the restrictions of motherhood, marriage, and household respon sibilities. Many women saw being a mother as a chore or as something out of their control. Sanger fought these restrictions through bringing birth control to the general public who suffered from poverty due to large families. Others, like Charlotte Perkins Gilman, wrote social critiquesRead MoreReproductive Rights as a Historical and Feminist Issue914 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation and availability go hand-in-hand to allow women the knowledge to make an informed decision about their body. In 1891, Harriot Stanton Blatch (daughter of famous Elizabeth Cady Stanton) spoke out about a new term â€Å"Voluntary Motherhood.† She claimed that the upheld idea of motherhood as the highest moral position woman should strive to achieve was a lie, and that women who mothered unwelcome children were scorned.[2] This creates another example of a double standard placed against women in societyRead MoreBeing A Woman Is More Than Biology1658 Words   |  7 Pagesthose needed by man. Hil l and Kelley stated â€Å"If there were no other way of promoting more perfect equality for women, an argument could perhaps be sustained taking these risks.† By this they mean that if there were no other way than for women to be subject to the exact same laws as men such as same wage earning, working in unsafe conditions, no resting days, etc†¦ that an argument could perhaps be sustained while taking these risks into consideration but they believe that there is another way of promotingRead MoreAn Honorable Woman By Deborah Sampson966 Words   |  4 Pagesrelationship with society was dependent on their relationship with their husbands. Nonetheless, the Revolution did heighten the status of many women. The idea of â€Å"republican motherhood† gave women the responsibility to educate and prepare future citizens. While this got rid of women’s direct involvement in politics, republican motherhood did promote the expansion of educational opportunities for wome n. It also encouraged the idea of â€Å"companionate marriage,† in which marriages were brought together by affectionRead MoreBirth Control : The Rise Of The Modern Woman1764 Words   |  8 Pageshave the freedom to express themselves or reach their goals as women(Friedman 7). Most women in this time period were not even able to dream because their time was completely occupied by child rearing and family duties(Friedman 7). One of Sanger’s arguments was that the poor women in America were not able to access the kind of birth control that more wealthy women were able to get from Europe. Sanger, thankfully, did not see that as fair(Friedman 8). In the year 1912, Margaret Sanger began educatingRead MoreEssay about A Gender Debate606 Words   |  3 Pagespeople at that time believed women should stay home. Mill argued that it was in a womens nature to choose the role of wife and mother (William Stafford, 1998). However, recent feminists have argued against such notions and challenge the idea that motherhood is the only meaningful occupation for women. They have developed a critique of the family, which claims family is: ...ideological confinement to the domestic sphere and that it institutionalizes heterosexuality and defines other forms of sexualityRead MoreThe Contagious Diseases Act Of Nineteenth Century Britain Sparked1476 Words   |  6 Pagesof course, been other feminist campaigns previously, but these Acts were particularly significant in providing further stimulus, and influencing later movements. But what was it about these Acts that caused such a reaction? There were two broad arguments that feminists reacted to: the blatant misogyny and double-standard that shaped British society, and the way these Acts seriously breached women’s civil rights. 1864 saw the first establishment of the Contagious Diseases Acts, prompted by militaryRead MoreAnalysis of Bells Opinion on Prostitution1609 Words   |  6 PagesStudent Network Resources Inc.  ©2003-2008 ________________________________________________________________________ Paper Topic: Since people have a right to determine what they can do with their bodies (e.g. surrogate motherhood), they should also have the right to sell their sexual services if they freely choose to do so. Although sex work has always received a lot of criticism from the society that we live in but according to Bell (2009) rather than looking as sex work as degrading

Weight Of A Nation Consequences Free Essays

In order to see proper as made the problem needs to be addressed and programs created to benefit the lifestyle f Americans. It was very interesting for me to see how much of an impact the Bugaboos He art Study has had on our nation. It was the only study of its kind that was able to monitor or obesity from young children into their adulthood lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Weight Of A Nation Consequences or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of the statistics that shocked me were: children who are obese are eight times more likely to have heart disease as a n adult 77 percent of children who were obese remained obese as an adult h of society are able to maintain a healthy weight people who come from a lower socioeconomic status have higher obesity rat sees obesity increases asthma rates by 52 percent limited play space for children affects their overall health As I took the time to really think about obesity and what is means to America thought a lot about my family. Growing up we didn’t have the greatest socio anomic status. There were always challenges and struggles. As a result there are members w ho struggle with obesity within my family. I can look further back and can see the results of o exist generations in the past. This video really helped me to understand the many consequence s that occur due to obesity. Live that access to fast food just killing lifestyle in our nation. T here was a quote that really liked from the video. Order to make a change, it has to be a co and nation outreach for change. † I couldn’t agree more. In order to be able to see a change think that it needs to be targeted not only in communities but as a nation. Very go d video that opened my eyes to the reality of obesity. How to cite Weight Of A Nation Consequences, Papers

Did the British Empire Improve Lives in Africa free essay sample

Did the British Empire improve people’s lives in Africa? I will start off by defining the terms of this essay. ‘Improve’, in this context, means the African people’s lives developing and the standard of living getting better. The British Empire in Africa was vast. It included lands in North Africa, such as Egypt, much of West Africa, and huge territories in Southern and East Africa. British rule had a huge impact on the lives of millions of Africans. Before the British rule in Africa, African people were poor. They did not have proper towns, just little villages. They had no means of transport and no education. They had no or little knowledge about medications. It was merely uncivilized. The Scramble for Africa was the proliferation of conflicting Europeans claiming territory in Africa during the New Imperialism period, between 1876 and World War I in 1914. There were many causes for the Scramble for Africa. We will write a custom essay sample on Did the British Empire Improve Lives in Africa? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The main cause was economic. Africa was a country rich in natural resources and Europeans (including the British) wanted to gain the raw materials which Africa was full of. Africa had resources to offer such as rubber and copper and riches such as ivory, gold and diamonds which initially attracted European powers to colonise Africa and earn profits. European countries realised that by captivating African resources and riches they could establish trade with other countries for other materials and resources. Also, Europeans believed that the tropics had perfect weather for farming and growing cash crops such as cocoa in Ghana and tea and coffee in Kenya. However, it reached a point when nations grabbed land just to keep up with the others. The King of Belgium took a large area around the Congo River saying, â€Å"I did not want to miss a chance of getting a piece of this African cake. †The scramble for Africa was not beneficial to Africans as they were often exploited and disrespected. The slave trade soon followed. The slave trade was from 1600-1807. The Atlantic slave trade, was the trade of African people supplied to the colonies of the New World that occurred in and around the Atlantic Ocean. It was the British that developed the Atlantic slave system known as the ‘Triangular Trade’. African and Arab slave traders brought slaves to slave markets on the West African coast. They would then be bought by European slave traders. These slave traders bought goods from Europe which exchanged for the slaves. The slaves were then transported to the Americas on a journey known as the ‘Middle Passage’. Between 1700 and 1807, around 12 million Africans were transported across the Atlantic. Roughly 15% of those transported died on the journey. The conditions on board the slave ships were horrific. Throughout the journey the slaves were chained together by their hands and feet and they were often kept below deck in the dark. In 1788, a slave ship called ‘The Brookes’ was carrying over 600 slaves from Africa to America. This was despite the fact that the ship was designed to carry only 451 passengers. However, the impact on slave trade was considerable. Ports such as Liverpool and Glasgow were created from the profits of the slave trade. However, the British were not the only benefiters from this. In Africa, the slave trade led to the creation of powerful West African kingdoms as there was only a small number of Africans that profited from selling slaves to Europeans. In 1807 the slave trade was abolished by the British Parliament as it was under increasing pressure from the abolitionist movement. It became illegal to buy and sell slaves, but people could still own them. An act making slavery illegal was passed in 1833 and it became a law on August 1st 1834. This improved African people’s lives by far. The British Empire was bad in many ways. It was built on vast ethnic cleansing, enslavement, enforced racial hierarchy, land theft and merciless exploitation. The British Empire also brought many improvements to Africa. The British educated the Africans by building schools, colleges, hospitals, roads and bridges. The British also developed Africa’s transport systems, by building railways and seaports. The British also raised political awareness in Africa and therefore, a new generation of black politicians was born. Even though the British’s motives were selfish and they built railways in order to ship the raw materials and riches out of Africa, it also benefited and civilized the native inhabitants (Africans). For example, the British invested in South Africa’s gold mines. They wanted the Africans to work and dig up the gold. Though the Africans were paid little or nothing, the British built hospitals, schools and houses for them, not because they wanted to help them, but because they had no other choice. In my opinion, I conclude that the British Empire did improve people’s lives in Africa, whether they had an intention to, or not. The African people did have to sacrifice their natural resources, but the British brought civilization and education to Africa. Though Africa is still poor now, it is much better, considering the state in which they lived before the British rule. bbc. co. uk/history

Literature Review Essays - Drinking Culture, Health, Neuroscience

Literature Review Kerrice Lawrence St. Mary's University College Most philosophers believe that behaviors are not inborn, but rather, developed by means of habits. Teaching imparts virtue , and it is believed that every child who is taught, including the bad ones, would be better than those that have never been taught. Bad behavior is associated with lack of education and low social status , while c ollege attendance is mos tly associated with self-improvement and upward mobility ( Parker-Pope, 2008) . However, f indings from different research studies tell a different story . Surprisingly, university/ college students are more likely to behave badly than their non-college-attending peers ( Parker-Pope, 2008) . P aper will give a critical review of research studies on the bad behaviors such as suicide, drugs, alcohol, health risks, and cannabis use of university/college students . Research by A r ria, O'Gr ady, Caldeira, Vincent, Wilcox and Wish (2009) states that s uicide is the second leading killer of college students and the third leading killer of youths aged 1 5 to 24 years. It accounts for approximately 1,100 student deaths annually (Arria et al., 2009). Suicide ideation is believed to be an important precursor to completed suicide and attempted suicide cases . The research was aimed at estimating the predictive ability of various suspected risk factors, their interactions on suicide ideation among college students , and the intervention . Specifically, the study's goals were to estimate the prevalence of suicide ideation among college students, and to develop a multi-dimensional explanatory model that explains college suicide ideati on. The study employed a face-to-face interview method. The results showed that depression is a clear risk factor for suicide ideation. Lack of social support was also a prominent risk factor for suicide ideation among college students. The study also found that parent-student relationships were very significant in suicide ideation among college students. The likelihood of suicide ideation increased with h igher levels of conflict with parents. Preventive factors identified included parental supervision, spending time together as a family, and family cohesion . The risk factors identified by most students included poor communication between students and parents, low parental approval, low perceived support, and family dysfunction. Besides family conflict, suicide ideation among college students is linked to lower family cohesion , higher emotional unavailab ility of the parents, and lower security in the students' current attachments to parents (Arria et al., 2009) . The study also linked suicide ideation among college students to social support , affective dysregulation, and other fac tors such as alcohol use disorders (AUD). This study, however, was limited to a single public university , thus the results may not be generalized to all students in other areas or i n small private universities or colleges. Besides, the study did not consider several factors that contribute to suicide ideation among college students. Such factors include stressful life events like troubled relationships and other personal, p rofessional, and academic problems , financial struggles, and family problems . Psychological disorders like anxiety have also been linked to suicide ideation among college students, though not included in this study. For most students, transition between adolescence and adulthood occurs during the university or college life. This life is characterized by high levels of stress as the students try to adjust to increased academic demands and new social environments. The social support networks also undergo drastic changes during this per iod, such as the separation from home and parents. P revious study by Arria et al. (2 009) used the interview method while Neighbors, Lee, Lewis, Fossos and Larimer (2007) use the survey approach to talk about bad behaviors . Neighbors et al. (2007) illustrated that h eavy alcohol consumption is a prevalent and problematic behavior among college students . About 40%-45% of college students in U.S. engage in heavy episodic drinking. The effects of heavy drinking among college students include academic problems, criminal behavior, injuries, unwanted sexual experiences, and deaths. This study was aimed at evaluating the relati ve contribution of social norms, drinking motives, demographics, and alcohol expectancies in predicting the alcohol consumption and the related problems among the heavy-drinking college students (Neighbors et al., 2007). The study employed a screening

Julian Abele

Julian Abele Julian Abele (born April 29, 1881 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, according to the University of Pennsylvania University Archives and Records Center) is best known in Durham, North Carolina as the architect of the Duke University campus. The story of Julian Francis Abele is not rags-to-riches but a tale of hard work and dedication. In college Abele called himself Willing and Able. A brilliant and accomplished student, Abele became the first Black graduate of the University of Pennsylvanias School of Architecture. Although not Americas first architect of color, Julian Abele was one of the first prominent Black architects in America, finding success with the Philadelphia architecture firm led by Horace Trumbauer. The Duke University Chapel may be Abeles most famous building. Died: April 23, 1950 in Philadelphia Education, Training, and Professional Life: Institute for Colored Youth and Brown Preparatory School, Philadelphia1898: Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art1902: B.A. in Arch. - University of Pennsylvania1902-1903: Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts; worked for Philadelphia architect Louis C. Hickman while in school1903-1905: traveled to Western US, worked on a house for his sisters family, Elizabeth Rebecca Abele Cookcirca 1905: three years of travel in Europe and study in France1906: began work for Horace Trumbauer; became chief designer in 1909 until Trumbauers death in 1938. The Office of Horace Trumbauer continued under the leadership of its principals, Julian Abele and William O. Frank1942: Admitted to the American Institute of Architects (AIA) Notable Buildings as Trumbauers Chief Designer: 1909-1912: James Buchanan Duke House, New York Cityc. 1912: Frank P. Mitchell house (Argentine Embassy), Washington, DC1915: Miramar (The George D. Widener Cottage), Newport, RI1915: Widener Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA1921: Whitemarsh Hall, Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania1925: Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA1927: Central Library, Free Library of Philadelphia, PA1928: James B. Clews Residence, Long Island, NY1930: Perkins Library, Duke University West Campus, Durham, North Carolina1935: Duke University Chapel, West Campus, Durham, North Carolina1938: Duke University Dormitories, West Campus, Durham, NC1940: Cameron Indoor Stadium, Duke University West Campus, Durham, NC At the turn of the twentieth century, many American architects made a good living building Great Homes of the Gilded Age. Horace Trumbauers commission to build a New York City estate for tobacco tycoon James B. Duke really paid off with the much larger projects at Duke University, where Julian Abele made his mark in architecture. Personal Life: 1925: Married to Marguerite Bulle, a French musician; three children, Julian, Jr., Marguerite Marie (died in childhood), and Nadia Boulanger. The marriage dissolved by 1936 when the younger Marguerite became involved with another musician. They never divorced.Julian, Jr. and Abeles sisters child, Julian Abele Cook (1904 - 1986), both became architects Duke University Architecture: In 1892 Trinity College moved 70 miles east to Durham, North Carolina and the Duke family began funding campus building. By 1924, the Duke Endowment was established and Trinity College transformed into Duke University. The original East Campus was renovated with Georgian-style buildings, after the Collegiate Georgian Architecture popular at other universities. Beginning in 1927 a West Campus was added, built in a Gothic-revival architectural style also popular at large, established Ivy League institutions. Architecture was used to bring students, faculty, and prestige to the new Duke institution - if it looked like a university, it must be one. The Philadelphia architecture firm led by Horace Trumbauer began the transformation of Trinity into Duke. Trumbauers head designer Julian Abele, along with William O. Frank, tackled the Duke projects from 1924 to 1958. The pià ¨ce de rà ©sistance of Abeles designs is the iconic Duke Chapel, which became the centerpiece of the West Campus. Collegiate Gothic style is a revival of 12th century Gothic architecture, with soaring ceilings, pointed arches, and flying buttresses. For Dukes Chapel, begun in 1930, Abele employed modern building techniques and materials to eliminate the need to buttress the walls. Steel trusses and structural Guastavino ceramic tile gave strength to the 210 foot structure, while local volcanic Hillsborough bluestone distinguished the distinctive facade of the neo-Gothic design. The Chapel tower, modeled after Englands Canterbury Cathedral, became a prototype for many of the future towers of Duke University. Olmsted landscape architects, from the prestigious firm founded by Frederick Law Olmsted, were employed to create a walkable campus, connecting the architecture with the surrounding natural beauty. If the intent of Duke was to rival the great universities of the northeast, this twentieth century campus, designed in part by a prominent Black architect, accomplished the task. In the Words of Julian Abele: The shadows are all mine. - commenting on the unsigned architectural drawings for the Gothic Revival Duke University Chapel, Duke University Archives Learn More: Out of the Shadows by Susan E. Tifft, Smithsonian Magazine, February 2005Philadelphia Area Architecture of Horace Trumbauer (Images of America) by Rachel Hildebrandt and the Old York Road Historical Society, 2009American Splendor: The Residential Architecture of Horace Trumbauer by Michael C. Kathrens, rev. 2012Duke University: An Architectural Tour by John M. Bryan, 2000Duke University: An Architectural Tour (The Campus Guide) by Ken Friedlein and John Pearce, 2015Friends of Julian Abele Park, Philadelphia, PA Sources: Penn Biographies, University of Pennsylvania University Archives and Records Center; Julian F. Abele, Architect, Free Library of Philadelphia; Biography and Projects from the American Architects and Buildings database, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia; Dukes Architecture, Office of the University Architect, Duke University; Black U.S. Architect Designed a Bond with Argentina, IIP Digital, Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State; Frank P. Mitchell House, African American Historic Places Database, National Trust for Historic Preservation; History, The Building at http://chapel.duke.edu/history/building, Duke University Chapel. Websites accessed April 3-4, 2014.

Some Animals Can Adapt or Mutate for Survival

Some Animals Can Adapt or Mutate for Survival An adaptation is a physical or behavioral characteristic that has developed to allow an organism to better survive in its environment. Adaptations are the result of evolution  and may occur when a gene mutates or changes by accident. That mutation causes the organism to better survive and reproduce, and it passes on that trait to its offspring. It can take many generations to develop an adaptation. Examples of Physical Adaptations One physical adaptation used in the intertidal zone is a crabs hard shell, which protects it from predators, drying out, and being crushed by waves. One example of behavioral adaptation in the oceans is the use of loud, low-frequency calls by fin whales to communicate with other whales over great distances. Other physical adaptations that have been structurally modified may include webbed feet, sharp  claws and large beaks. Other changes made to a part of the body could be wings/flying, feathers, fur, or scales. Ways Behavioral Changes Occur Behavioral adaptations include an animals actions, which typically are in response to an external stimulus. Several of these may include what an animal is capable of eating, how they move, or the way they protect themselves. Take squirrels as an example of a behavioral adaptation. Squirrels, woodchucks, and chipmunks are able to hibernate for up to 12 months, often consuming plenty of food in preparation for winter. In this scenario, these small animals have found a way to evolve in a season to protect themselves from harsh weather conditions, preserving food, and their environment. Interesting Animal Adaptations The maned wolf (pictured above) is part of the canid family but is only a distant relative. The theory says their legs evolved to survive the tall grasslands of South America.The gerenuk can stand taller above the rest of the antelope species, which offers them a special feeding opportunity. There are over ninety-one species of antelope, creating plenty of competition amongst them.The tufted deer from China has fangs hanging from their mouths that are typically used in mating fights between males. Most deer do not possess this unique adaptation. A True Advantage The ability for mammals to adapt throughout the planet is part of why we have so many diverse animals existing today in our lands, seas, and skies.  Animals can protect themselves from predators and adapt to new environments through adaptations and mutations, unlike human beings. For example, animals that are camouflaged often have colorations or patterns that can assist them in blending in with their surroundings. This will benefit them in the long run, quite literally, when it comes to predators. Mutations may also take place through a change in DNA. What a living mammal is born with may change how it grows and what it can do over time.  Through these possibilities can animals have a larger opportunity to survive their dangerous environments and continue the circle of life by having offspring. This is the process known as natural selection.

Analysing few thing about me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysing few thing about me - Essay Example This makes them sound bossy to others. Being a good listener is a very good quality that people appreciate. People tend to make friends with me because they think of me as a person whom they can approach for the solutions of their problems as they think I would listen to them. Being a positive thinker is just as helpful as being a good listener in this regard. People find that positive energy in me that they lack in so many other people around them. In an age when there is so much emphasis on materialism, competition, and hatred, people look out for sources of positive energy. So someone with positive thinking really attracts them. Being a good leader is a strength that has benefited me always both academically and professionally. The importance of being a good leader in the contemporary age cannot be overemphasized. One’s leadership skills are needed at almost every step in life. Even in studies, we are required to work as part of a group and assume leadership role from time to time. Being a good leader has helped me achieve my goals efficiently. My weaknesses are that I am very emotional and straight-forward. While being emotional is good to a certain extent, it becomes a weakness when one loses control upon one’s emotions. To hear other’s problems makes me highly emotional. I cry more than most people my age from my gender would do. This makes me appear a little immature to others, but many a times, it is not in my control. Being straight-forward is a bigger issue than being emotional. My straight-forwardness tends to counter my good listening. Sometimes, my friends become angry with me because I tell them their faults straight in their faces. They expect me to be more humble and choosy in my words than I am. I believe that every person, male or female, should try to increase their strengths and decrease their weaknesses. While this is possible to a certain extent, all strengths cannot be increased just like all weaknesses cannot be

Teenagers using steriods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Teenagers using steriods - Essay Example S is suggested to be ddictive in some users nd especilly in teengers. In ddition, teengers often use other illicit drugs nd there is the risk for spred of heptitis nd HIV to originlly low-risk popultions through shring needles in S injection (DuRnt et l., 2003). S use in teengers my cuse premture closure of the growth pltes over the bones resulting in permnent short. The initition of S use hs mostly been found to tke plce sometime during teengers. The prevention of S use should therefore be considered n importnt tsk not only within sports but lso for the public t lrge. The serch for risk nd protective fctors for S use in teengers is vitl. Rte of lifetime use mong United Sttes high-school students vries between 4% nd 12% for mles nd 0.5% nd 2% for femles (Bhrke et l., 1998). Lower figures hve been reported in other countries; rtes vry between 1.2% nd 3.2% for mles nd 0.2% nd 2.0% for femles in ustrli (Beel et l., 1998), for exmple. One report showed firly similr rte (12-month) in Cnd (4.1% in mles nd 1.5% in femles) (Cndin Centre for Drug-Free Sports, 2003). Prevlence of S use mong frikns-speking sport prticipnts hs been reported to be in the sme rnge (e.g., 2.5%), wheres much lower rtes were found in the generl dolescent student popultion in South fric. Studies from different regions in Sweden hve provided vrying lifetime estimtes for dolescents: 5.8% for mles nd 1.0% for femles versus 2.1% nd 0.2%, respectively (Kindlundh et l., 1999). Substntil regionl differences hve lso been found in the U.S. s well s in South fric. With the exceptions of Cnd, ntionl dt re lcking. The current knowledge bout S use, therefore, need s to be supplemented by lrge-scle nd ntionlly representtive smples from sites outside North meric. S reserch hs been mostly descriptive in nture. There hve been some ttempts t more theoreticlly driven reserch, but differing theoreticl perspectives hve rrely been contrsted. Theories of S use hve hd t lest three different viewpoints. First, mny studies hve tken sports perspective, nd these studies hve noted such motives s winning nd performing well in thletics. Thus, the prevlence of S use mong top thletes hs been reported to be high in such sports s footbll, trck nd field, weight lifting, body building nd possibly lso self-defense sports nd mrtil rts (Fields et l., 2004). High rtes of use hve been found t subelite levels nd mong college nd high-school thletes (Bhrke et l., 1998). Second, muscles not only mke you win, they fit the present-dy body idel. For men, this body idel implies upper torso strength nd mesomorph body type. For women, this is defined s slimness, prticulrly from the wist down, coupled with lrge brests (Wichstrom, 2000). To look good or to be big re the prime motives for S use mong gym-bsed weight triners nd mong the top two motives in the generl dolescent popultion. Eting problems nd concerns hve been found in mle body-builders nd S users. Possibly "reverse norexi" (Pope et l., 2000) nd hence S use hve prtly the sme etiology s eting disorders, including poor self-concept nd poor body stisfction. However, mong norml dolescents one of the prime motives for looking good is to enhnce one's chnces with the opposite gender, nd one could therefore

Developmental Paper Essay Example for Free

Developmental Paper Essay bstract The basis of this paper will outline the cognitive and personality development of a young adult female, identified as â€Å"Caroline.† This will be in contrast and comparison to Erikson’s Epigenetic Theory of Personality Development is Intimacy vs. Isolation and Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive development. The paper will address what outside factors influence the developing as well as nursing interventions that will help Caroline obtained optimal functioning for each appropriate developmental level according to Erikson and Piaget. Keywords: developmental, Erikson, Piaget, personality, cognitive, intimacy, isolation, formal operations The Developmental Level: For the purpose of this paper, I will identify the person I am outlining as â€Å"Caroline. † Caroline is a young adult. The developmental level during this stage of Erikson’s Epigenetic Theory of Personality Development is Intimacy vs. Isolation; the virtue being love. A normal adult in this stage will have a strong sense of self and be able to form intimate, close relationships with other individuals. Success in this stage will lead to strong committed relationships (Cherry). Erikson believed that a person must successfully complete one stage in order to complete the next. According to Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive development, Caroline is in the formal operations period. A normal young adult in this stage would manifest adult like thinking, is not limited by own perception or concrete references for ideas, combines various ideas into concepts, develops morality or restraint and cooperation in behavior, uses rules to structure interactions in a socially acceptable way, solves problems mentally and considers alternatives before acting, relates concepts o r constructs not readily evident in external world, increases intellectual ability to include art, science, humanities,  religion, and philosophy, and is increasingly less egocentric. Caroline is in her early adult hood years. A tremendous time for self-discovery, independence, and in some cases, loneliness. Caroline’s personality and cognitive development have blossomed in ways and have been hindered in others. This is due to many factors; biological, social, genetic, situational. The list goes on. One thing is certain, there is always a good reason why individuals do the thing they do. If we as people look beyond others actions and instead look at what causes their actions to manifest, I believe we would be much more accepting and less judgmental as a whole. Throughout this paper I will be discussing ways Caroline compares and contrasts to Piaget and Erikson’s theories, how this impacts her development, and nursing interventions that could help her through these stages. Compare and contrast: After careful observation of Caroline, it does not show evident that she has developed a true sense of self to be able to complete the stage of intimacy with another individual. Even with platonic friendships it seems that when her and an individual start to become close on more of a spiritual and emotional level, she retreats to isolation because she feels that she cannot trust herself or others. According to Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development, I see that Caroline is mastering the formal operations period to a certain degree. In many ways Caroline would be a poster child for what an example of someone in the formal operations period would think like, and in other aspects of the period, she does not show to be operating in this period what so ever. Three examples of how Caroline compares to these levels would include the following: 1. When it comes to romantic relationships, Caroline strives for a deep emotional and physical connection with another human being. However, deep down she is unable to fully commit to another because she doesn’t have a clear understanding of who she is. Subconsciously, she gravitates towards men that are not emotionally available. This includes anyone who is in a relationship, is going to move away, or is obviously not interested in giving her a committed relationship. She wants the commitment, but she is used to men in her life not being available so she is drawn towards that because that is what she is used to. At the end of the day, this leaves Caroline frustrated and isolated. The  crisis between intimacy and isolation, according to Erikson, is clear in Caroline’s life. 2. Caroline is extremely cognitively driven, artistic with her words, and philosophical and spiritual with her beliefs. She looks beyond the world that is seen and challenges her way of thinking with the unseen world. She finds happiness through her writings and connections through spiritual conversation. This side of her is a small glimpse of her essence and what her inner being craves; to be emotionally, artistically, and spiritually stimulated. This very much so aligns with Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. 3. A contrast to the Formal operations period is that she does not seem to solve problems mentally and considering alternatives before acting. Caroline bases a lot of her talk on impulsivity and is emotionally driven when making decisions. Caroline is a â€Å"feel good† kind of gal, and if it feels good in the moment, she will grab it. If it does not feel good, she will alter whatever her situation is to make herself feel good, no matter how bad or good the outcome will leave her. This contrasts with the norm because someone who is successfully mastering this stage would weigh the outcomes before acting, consider the outcomes, and go towards which action would better benefit their being as a whole. Even though Caroline knows something is hurting her, she will continue to repeat this action, hoping for a different outcome. This is mainly in regards to abusive relationships, but can be applied to the work place and friendships with other females. What Impacts Development Three factors that have or are currently affecting Caroline’s stage of development: 1. As I mentioned previously, it is vital for Caroline to develop and true sense of self before she can successfully build intimacy with other individuals. Caroline feels whole with her writings, and spending time with people who truly love her, but she has not fully embraced her inner being. From observation, Caroline has a very low self-esteem. She strives to please others. When others are pleased with her, she is pleased with herself. When others are no pleased with her, she will do what she can to reverse that opinion. She seeks to please others before pleasing herself and that is a clear manifestation of not having a concrete, strong sense of self. 2. Caroline is far away from her family, which live several states away. She stayed in the state she resides because of a romantic  relationship. This romantic relationship has ended. For Caroline, she does not have a firm sense of belonging a t her current location. Being away from loved ones and not having a steady partner can cause an individual to feel isolated and lonely. 3. I am not sure exactly what Caroline’s relationship with her father is or was like, but I would imagine it to be one of low emotional or spiritual connection. Her dad was most likely not a constant in her life and not available to her as a girl in was that she needed, but was not aware of. There is always a good reason why people do the things they do and I would not be taken a back if Caroline was this way with other men in her life because normal to her is not available. Her body, soul, and mind is used to inconsistency and has developed patterns within itself to be drawn to these inconsistencies and behaviors. It has also been shown that engaging in sexual activates with a partner before the proper time, especially before monogamy, can cause much inner turmoil and depression. Sexual activity must be performed in the right context in order for it to be beneficial for the human being. (Carter) Nursing interventions: 1. Before talking to Caroline, if she were my patient and I the nurse, I would first need to assess her physical and mental status. She would need to be fully alert and oriented in order to proceed with the nursing process. I would assess her level of consciousness and willingness to cooperate. I would need to assess her support system, whether it be family, friends, or coworkers. A strong support system is vital to growth and development in any stage of life. 2. In order for Caroline to be eager to listen to what have to offer and cooperate with enhancing her inner self, there would have to be established trust. I would do this by sharing intimate parts of my life and laying the foundation of a healthy, trustworthy relationship. There will be little to no willingness to exchange in such personal matters until trust between us is established. It will also make her much for comfortable to share intimate details of her life with me. 3. I would provide Caroline with therapeutic communic ation. This would include appropriate touch as much as she is comfortable with, paraphrasing, asking open ended questions that encourage communication, maintaining eye contact when appropriate, and not pushing situations when she does not feel at ease. These actions will hopefully cause Caroline to feel more comfortable to share thoughts,  feelings, and encouragement to implement action to better her inner self. 4. In order to master the stage of isolation, Caroline needs to be confident in herself and cater to her inner self. She needs to participate in activities that benefit her in a healthy way and bring healing to where she feels broken. I would encourage her to write in her journal for at least thirty min before she goes to bed. 5. I would encourage her to do simple things to increase healthy living. This would include waking up early, going to bed at a decent hour, getting adequate exercise, eating a diet high in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, and drinking plenty of water. I would encourage her to avoid alcohol and any other mind altering substances that cause her behavior to be irrational. Addressing the underlying cause of irrational behavior can be much more effective then addressing the irrational behavior as it self. 6. Because Caroline reaches for wholeness in sources that leave her feeling empty, I would ask Caroline to put herself first when she is seeking attention from empty sources. I would have her sit with herself and her emotions and work through them without desperately reaching out to things that cannot fulfill her. In order to be happy with someone else, it is vital that she become happy with herself. 7. Caroline loves to read and with this passion for books I would strongly suggest investing in self-help books that will mentally stimulate her to building a strong, happy inner self. There are so many self-help books that caters to every type of inner self difficulty and roads to self-discovery. Sometimes simply finding a book that speaks directly to your soul can bring some of the most healing and freedom. If Caroline were to follow these nursing interventions and invest whole heartedly to developing a strong inner being, I believe she would begin to see amazing results within a weeks’ time. Of course it would be a journey. Self-reflection is not always easy and can be hard, but in the end it is extremely rewarding. Coming face to face with our inner demons and conquering them is one of the best things you can do for yourself, future partner, and future children. In order to have healthy relationship you must be a healthy person and if Caroline wants to be healthy, she will be. References: Cherry, Kendra. Intimacy Versus Isolation Stage Six of Psychosocial Development. About.com Psychology. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 May 2014. Carter, Don. Intimacy Skills and Human Development Stages. Intimacy Skills and Human Development Stages. Internet of the Mind, n.d. Web. 03 June 2014.

La Curacion Plena :: Spanish Essays

La Curacion Plena Tres Fuentes Citadas  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Una noche me sentà ­ deprimida y con deseos de suicidio otra vez; sin embargo a pesar de estos sentimientos, tambià ©n de alguna manera sentà ­ una profunda confianza en Dios. No quise que los nià ±os me vieran llorar asà ­ que despuà ©s de acostarles, me encerrà © en el cuarto de baà ±o, me acurruquà © en el suelo, y repetà ­ una y otra vez: "Jesà ºs, confà ­o en Ti". No sà © cuà ¡ntas horas estuve asà ­, pero bien entrada la noche tuve una experiencia que cambià ³ mi vida. Sentà ­ que estaba en la cruz con Jesucristo pero que en lugar de sentir sufrimiento, sentà ­a un amor tan intenso que era capaz de apagar ese dolor. Sentà ­ como Su amor borraba mi pecado y supe entonces que mi curacià ³n era plena. Desde ese momento nunca mà ¡s he vuelto a sentir la desesperacià ³n del aborto, à ºnicamente el amor profundo y el perdà ³n que recibà ­ de Jesucristo. He visto cà ³mo mi vida ha cambiado milagrosamente, cà ³mo he tenido el privilegio de ayudar a infinidad de mujeres y hombres que sufren de las consecuencias del aborto. El amor de Jesucristo no sà ³lo ha transformado mi vida sino tambià ©n la vida de aquellos a los que amo." (Bonopartis) Las consecuencias de un aborto:    MUERTE: "Me siento muerta, muerta, muerta por dentro". "Cuando salà ­ de la clà ­nica, dejà © parte de mi corazà ³n allà ­ tambien". "Me debà ­a haber muerto con el bebà ©". "Siento que quiero morirme por dentro". "Siento que nunca debà ­a haber nacido, y muchas veces quisiera morirme". "Quisiera ser yo la muerta y no mi bebà ©". "Querà ­a morirme con mi hijo". "Cuando te separaron de mi... me quitaron un pedazo de mi alma y de mi corazà ³n que nunca podrà ¡ ser reemplazado". "Parte de mà ­ murià ³ el dà ­a que me separaron de ti". "No querà ­a ir, pero estaba demasiado cansada para pelear, ni siquiera podà ­a pensar. Dejà © de sentir. No era mi verdadero yo ese dà ­a, era otra persona. Ya no sà © dà ³nde està ¡ ese yo mà ­o. Creo que murià ³ ese dà ­a". "Siento que no valgo nada, que quisiera morirme para escapar el dolor y la culpabilidad..." NO PUEDO LAMENTARME/OTROS NO ENTIENDEN: "Sentà ­ que algo andaba mal conmigo por sentirme tan afectada por mi aborto como lo estaba", "Durante largo tiempo no podà ­a hablarle a nadie sobre eso y si lo hacà ­a todos estaban de acuerdo que yo no habà ­a hecho nada malo.

April Morning

April Morning Writing Assignment Adam Cooper and his father Moses do not have a good relationship. Moses expects a lot from Adam. Adam feels like his father hates him and does not approve of him. Adam's mother asks him why he does not spend his free time reading the bible like his father did when he was younger. He is constantly getting nagged by his parents. Adam believes in superstition and his parents do not approve of it. If Moses were to try and understand Adam a little more and be easier on him I believe their relationship would be better. They both need to meet each other halfway. If they were to sit down nd talk about their disagreements their relationship would improve. Watching the scene where the British open Fire on the colonists on Lexington's green affected me in certain ways. When we were blind folded and caught of guard when the fireworks were thrown it scared me greatly. I can only imagine what it must have been like to watch so many people die, especially friends an d family. War is a scary thought and to experience it first hand must be even worse. Thinking about the pain of the people who's loved ones died on that war is very sad to me. Also thinking about the pain the actual people in the war had to endure is upsetting.I believe the point that the author is trying to make at the end of the movie is that Adam is now a man who has to make his own decisions. I feel that it is a bittersweet feeling for Adam, because his father dies, but now he is the boss of himself. Adam's family was very upset that his father died, but very thankful that Adam was alive. The war changed Adam and his family's lives completely. Even though in the ending of the movie no one was talking, it was still obvious as to what was going on. Overall, this was a great movie and taught me a lot about war around that time period.

BUS ETHICS

The concept of a soft drink has evolved significantly over the past few decades. Over a period of time, the industry' has broadened by offering more of a variety to its consumers. With health issues on the rise, the industry has made healthier beverages available to consumers. The soda industry consists of many beverage companies, but the industry/s giants are Coca Cola, Pepsi, and Actuary Speeches. The soda industry is represented by the American Beverage Association, and many franchise companies are now members of this Association. Some companies assist and provide funding for scientific initiatives.The American Beverage Association and its companies are unified in wanting to take a leadership role in obesity/nutrition issues (Koshering, 2005). The Center for Science and Public Interest says that teenagers are consuming more high calorie drinks than ever, and fewer diet drinks than in years past, despite growing concerns about obesity (Affairs, 2005). The ASPI and other groups have sought to limit the sale of soft drinks in schools as part of a larger effort to combat the growing problems of childhood obesity and related health issues.Despite all, it is not feasible to blame one food product r beverage as sole contributor to any health issue. Consumers are at liberty to choose for themselves. The soda industry assumes responsibility by educating its consumers on the sugar content in all beverages. In addition, soda companies offer many alternatives to consumers. â€Å"Obesity and other issues are bigger issues in the states than in Washington, and they are tougher to fight in the states because you are dealing with 50 legislatures and maybe 100,000 school boards† (Finniest, 2005, p. 0). About one in every four people aged 18 to 34 drink one or more sodas per day, compared to people 55 or older (Mendel, 2014). It is the responsibility of parents with underage children to monitor their children's soda intake since most soft drinks are high in sugar. The negative effects that will occur when soft drinks are abused are inevitable. Most people are aware that too many sugary drinks can negatively affect their health; however, they continue to over-drink due to lack of concern, flavor, and easy accessibility.Although sugary drinks are the major contributor to the obesity epidemic, and our nation spends $1 90 billion a year treating obesity-related health issues, consumers are still downing soft drinks. Is it the industry negligent if consumers are over drinking? Absolutely not! The industry is not responsible for the amounts of sodas consumers drink; the consumers are! Many people believe that the soda industry is more concerned with its profit than its consumers. All businesses strive to gain profit and target markets where sales will be higher through advertising and marketing; however, consumers are important.Coca Cola is one of the giants in the soda industry. In 2013 Coke launched an anti-obesity advertisement recognizing the sweet ened soda and many other food and drinks that contributed to the obesity epidemic. They then advertised their wide array of calorie-free beverages to encourage consumers to take responsibility for their own drink choices and weight (Chance, 2009). I advocate for the industry because of its continuous effort to gear towards the needs of consumers. The soda industry is constantly satisfying their responsibility by educating the public about the dangers of compulsive consumption of sugary drinks.Sugary drinks combine with caffeine should heighten the awareness of the public and spark consumer attention to its health risk. Explain the Role Capitalism Plays in Corporate Decision Making Capitalism souses on profits driven by sales of products and services to willing consumers. Senior corporate executives generally have authority over the promotion of public goods and are under government control. It is also customary that the distinction be made between public and private sectors. In this industry, capitalism motivates and encourages stronger competition.Competition stimulates the economy, and it encourages productivity. Beverage companies compete through marketing strategies. For example, Coca Cola has an edge on PepsiCo because of its connection with people. Coca Cola conducts a market research study every three years across 55 cities. This market research was constructed around understanding human motivation. For example, human motivation is important to Coca Cola, that same motivation stimulate feelings of belonging, and the desire of affiliation (Saurian, 2013).When making corporate decisions, executives rely on human desire; therefore, the market is limited by what people desire. Capitalism embraces human desires, and corporate decision making play an important role in shaping the collective life of society as a whole. Capitalism plays many oleos; it allows business to sell their products or services at whatever the market accepts. Under the role of capitalism , people are able to work at jobs they so desire. It is in the interest of corporations that an increasingly greater proportion of people have the ability to enjoy the good life (Journeyman, 1993).Discuss if you Believe it is Possible for a Company to Cater to Both its Best Interest and the Consumers Conjointly or if one has to Prevail. When we focus on the success of any business, the first element considered is their customer base. Without loyal customers, the business merely exists ND will soon fail. Often times many employees working for companies forget that customers want to be loyal, it makes them feel good to belong; however, companies forget that loyalty is a two way street.Customers are the meat to any successful business and it is the responsibility of the business to cater to their customers. Maximizing customer satisfaction makes an important contribution to maximizing profits; however, the company is still faced with other factors such as; cost control, marketing, and productivity. These key factors can impact a business's bottom line. When customers are testified there is an opportunity to increase the repeat of sales. When customers are satisfied they tell other customers and in return, businesses profit.

How implementing a Quality Management System can enhance customer service Essays

How implementing a Quality Management System can enhance customer service Essays How implementing a Quality Management System can enhance customer service Essay How implementing a Quality Management System can enhance customer service Essay A research on how implementing a Quality Management System can heighten the quality of client service in eating houses on Curacao 1. Introduction 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Quality is one of the 20th century s most of import direction thoughts ( Feigenbaum, 1999 ) Quality is the same as capacity, but is frequently used to bespeak whether something or person is functioning its intent. Some other definitions of quality: Conformity to demands ( comply with specifications ) of the writer Phil Crosby. ISO 8402 is quality: The entirety of characteristics and features of a merchandise or service that is of import for run intoing established or obvious demands. All these definitions contain an component of truth, but each has its restrictions in usage. A definition of quality that has proved utile in many instances ( but finally same as the above ) is: Meet client outlooks Harmonizing to Swiss Tourism Board, from a invitee s point of position, touristry service is a whole bundle of single services. Like a concatenation, these services are all linked: progress information from a Tourist Centre, the journey to the finish, stay in holiday hotel, eating in a eating house, and in conclusion the trip place. Each single service leaves its grade on and influences the vacation experience. It is the same at single eating house ; a invitee experiences some of these Service: welcome, seating, supplying information, taking order, eating in the eating house, paying and go forthing. These service ironss harmonizing to Parsa, H.G. , Kwansa, F. , ( 2002 ) are specific to clients supply an assistance for systematic checking of a eating house s services and procedures, demoing where practical quality betterments can be made and advancing the debut of appropriate steps. Supplying services and direct contact with clients are demanding undertakings because each client has his specific outlooks, demands and sentiments. Harmonizing to Brink, A, Berndt, A, ( 2009 ) there is a nexus between relationships, quality service and client trueness. On Curacao we have CRS. The Curacao Restaurant Association s ( CRA ) ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.curacaorestaurants.org/cra/index.php ) . Their mission is to stand for, promote and educate their members and their employees for the betterment of the eating house and foodservice industry of Curacao, a quickly turning industry that is going the state s 2nd largest employer. We leverage those Numberss to acquire the best pricing and price reductions for our members. Helping members win and stay profitable is on the head of the Curacao Restaurant Association s docket. A As they strive to work together with the governmental sections on wellness, safety, service and instruction, members of their association acquire reviews and a squad consisting of these sections, together with members of the board ; will on a regular footing, do an appraisal of their members so they will stay recognized as a member. This will vouch client visit to these eating houses. An analysis of the state of affairs will be done. An overview and definition of Quality Management System will be given, besides why quality is of import and what are the features of the system. This survey stress on how holding a Quality Management System ( QMS ) can help eating houses to heighten their services. This involves making a QMS for local eating houses based on criterions and standards that respond to clients demands, derived from the ISO 9001 criterions and INK theoretical account. This implies that direction will travel thru developing to larn how to work with the system, how to implement and how to measure the system. Management should so be the 1s giving preparation and advice on how to handle clients. Employees will besides travel thru preparations and processs that a eating house should follow with, in order to be considered a quality eating house. Implementing a QMS is expensive. You will hold to put in your employees. On the other manus by implementing a QMS can salvage you money, you have less cost and you can be more productive and efficient. This can do non merely eating houses, but besides the Island addition a competitory advantage on others and acquire economic return. The purpose is to do eating houses cognizant of this and so assist them better their service, satisfy demands, be more productive and have more motivated employees. Curacao Restaurants Association ( CRA ) can be the institute who controls that the eating houses comply with standards s and criterions. Furthermore the demands of the clients, employees and employer will be address. To see what will be required to fulfill their demand and integrate this in the system and what each client s specific outlooks, demands and sentiments are. One can non simply inspect quality into a merchandise ; it has to be built in. The plan helps make a better work environment ( a quality merchandise can non be made in a non-quality environment ) , ensuing in more positive attitudes in the employees, Chao ( 2007 ) . Schemes and demands will be presented. The plan may include among other subject: The concern civilization QMS in item Employees motive Merchandise Customer Service Curacao Hospitality Training Foundation will be approached to see if some of the preparation needed can by integrated in their plan. 1.1.2 INTENDED USE OF RESEARCH RESULTS The consequences of this survey will take the signifier of a study presented to eating houses. They can profit from the nonsubjective presentation of the findings of this survey to a possible execution of a Restaurant Quality System to heighten their service. Practical tools will be developed to assist eating houses directors to undertake quality direction and taking targeted action to optimise service. The QMS will detailed the service ironss and supply an assistance for systematic checking of a eating house s services and procedures, demoing where practical quality betterments can be made and advancing the debut of appropriate steps. Advice and decision will be given. 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT In which manner can a Quality Management System ( QMS ) enhance client service in eating houses? 1.3 SUB PROBLEM STATEMENTS To reply the job statement, the following sub-questions will be addressed during this survey: 1 ) How can QMS be defined? 2 ) What are the advantages and disadvantages of QMS? 3 ) What are the facets for the development procedure of a quality direction system for eating houses? 4 ) Will the demands of clients, employer and employees be satisfy? 5 ) How should QMS and the eating house quality direction system be implemented? 1.4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY We chose qualitative research for this survey, because non all the sample population can be examined. The choice of the survey population will be based on the three territory of the Island. The Curacao Restaurants Association ( CRA ) has a sum of 15 members. They have at least two members in each territory, so we will near two members of CRA and two non-members for this research. This research is based on ailments and statements expressed by consumers on service received and my avidity to give an input to heighten this issue. There are assorted publications on Quality Management System and client service, but no local information of a quality system for the service provided at eating house. Therefore an extended literature reappraisal will be carried out, in hunt of secondary informations. The two most obvious techniques that will be used in this quality research will be interview and study. Data will be collected through in Interviews from both supervisor and employees of eating houses . These people are closely involved with their work ; they fundamentally can lend with nonsubjective informations. The information aggregation takes topographic point through semi-structured questionnaires ( written studies ) . While there are different methods of mensurating client perceptual experience, the most effectual 1 is to inquire the client straight. However, it may still be hard to garner important informations on client satisfaction because the assortment of clients sentiment and services provided does non do it easy. The interview is in individual, but the questionnaire can be completed and submitted from a distance. The consequences from all the qualitative observation will be carefully compared with the findings in the theory. On this footing, the job statement and bomber jobs and the research aims are achieved. 1.4.1 SUB PROBLEMS Sub job 1. How can QMS be defined? and 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of QMS? will be dealt with theoretically. For these sub jobs readings, website like hypertext transfer protocol: //www.praxiom.com/iso-definition.htm, research paper and articles refering ISO 9001, Instituut Nederlandse Kwaliteit ( INK ) and QMS will be applied. Literature that will be used: Crosby, P.B, ( 1984 ) Quality without cryings: The art of hassle-free direction, McGraw-Hill, Inc Hoyle, D, ( 2006 ) , ISO 9000 quality systems enchiridion, Butterworth-Heinemann www.praxiom.com/iso-definition.htm www.dti.gov.uk/quality/qms Sub job 3. What are the facets for the development procedure of a choice enfranchisement plan for eating houses? a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats ( SWOT ) analysis will be conducted. The SWOT analysis examines the internal and external environment of eating houses giving a position on how and what need to be done to implement a QMS for eating houses. Besides at least six eating houses will be observed and justice on the service they are giving. Curacao Quality Foundation ( CQF ) and the president Mr. Marugg or Mr. Neuman, the Event Coordinator of Curacao Restaurants Association ( CRA ) will be attack for information. Some of the inquiries that will be asked are: What is the support CRA offers their members? How those CRA control the quality service their members offer? How does CRA acquire its members? Why the rank is so low compared to the figure of constitution on the Island? The readings that will be used are: Hair, J.F, ( 2003 ) , Essentials of Business Research Methods, Leyh Publishing, LLC Brink, A, Berndt, A, ( 2009 ) , Relationship Marketing and Customer Relationship Management, Juta A ; Co LTD Honebein, P.C. , Cammarano, R.F. , ( 2005 ) , Making do-it-yourself clients: how great client experiences build great companies, South-Western Educational Pub Schieffer, R. , ( 2005 ) , Ten Key Customer Penetrations: Unlocking the Mind of the Market, South-Western Educational Pub www.cbs.an/establishments/establishments_i4.asp Sub job 4. Will the demands of clients, employer and employees be satisfy? To reply this inquiry face to confront study will be conducted and we will besides direct it via electronic mail among consumers, sing what they think about: Quality of the Food Menu choices Menu pricing and value Waiting times Promptness of service Professionalism and friendliness of waiter ( s ) Server s cognition of bill of fare Overall eating house experience Gross saless directors and supervisors of eating houses will be attack for an interview on how to measure their service and environment, Stone, M. , Woodcock, N. , ( p. 71, 2000, ) . Some of the inquiries that will inquire are: What are the company s strengths and failings compared to its competition? Are you happy with the service you are supplying Make you care about reaction of remarks of your clients? Are you happy with your employees? If non what are you making to better it? Is the eating house program to come with new services? Make you necessitate any tools or information to give a better service? Employees of eating houses will be interviewed to see what their demands are. We will inquire them on: What do you believe of the service the company gives to the clients? Is Customer satisfaction a precedence? How is the response when there is complain? What sentiment do you think clients have of this constitution? Does this constitution have an easy to read bill of fare or service merchandises that comply with the demand of the consumer? Make you necessitate any tools or information to give a better service? Books on among others on client service, motive and quality service will be used. Like: Jagdish N. Shainesh, S. , ( 2001 ) Customer relationship direction: emerging constructs, tools, and applications, McGraw-Hill Professional Jones, P. , Merricks, P. , ( 1994 ) , The direction of foodservice operations, Cengage Learning Business Press Parsa, H.G. , Kwansa, F. , ( 2002 ) , Quick Service Restaurants, Franchising, and Multi-Unit Chain Management, Routledge Shankar, R. , ( 2009 ) , Process betterment utilizing Six Sigma: a DMAIC usher, ASQ Quality Pres Sub job 5. How should QMS and the eating house quality direction system be implemented? In order to reply this bomber job, books on standardisation and quality direction systems, employee preparation manuals will be used. Suggestions and guidelines for developing for Management and employees will be address. Design of the quality direction system will be presented. Reading used is: Beecroft, D.G. , Duffy, G.L. , Moran, J.W. , ( 2001 ) , The Executive Guide to Improvement and Change, ASQ Quality Press Jackson, S. E. , Schuler, R. Werner, S. , ( 2008 ) , Pull offing Human Resources, South Western, a portion of Cengage Learning Lohman, C. , et Al. ( 2004 ) Planing a public presentation measuring system: A instance survey. European Journal of Operational Research, Martinich, J.S. , ( 2009 ) , Production and Operations Management: An Applied Modern Approach, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. Maskell, B. H. ( 1991 ) Performance measuring for universe category fabrication: a theoretical account for American companies, Cambridge, Mass. , Productivity Press. 1.5 DELIMITATIONS The survey will be conducted among consumers, eating houses from all sectors, eating houses managers/supervisors, eating houses employees and several constitutions on the Island of Curacao. THESIS OUTLINE 1. Introduction Background Information Problem Statement and Sub Problems Research Methodology Contented Thesis 2. QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ( QMS ) Introduction Elementss of QMS Introduction to quality and service Importance of quality Features of QMS Decision Determining THE RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Introduction Research aim Research attack Specifying and mensurating service satisfaction Research Consequences Procedure of development of the Quality Management System Decision RESTAURANTS QUALITY SYSTEM Introduction Aspect of the Quality system Cardinal Indexs of the Quality system Process development of the Quality direction system Restaurant Quality System Implementation, Control and Evaluation Decision CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Ninguno Usually Used in Singular Form

Ninguno Usually Used in Singular Form Ninguno (as well as the feminine form, ninguna), usually meaning none or not one, is almost always used in the singular form. But ninguno (or the noun it refers to when ninguno is used as an adjective) can often be translated to English as either singular or plural without a change in meaning. Heres  an example: Él tiene lo que ninguna mujer puede resistir. In English, either He has what no woman can resist and He has what no women can resist mean essentially the same thing. But in Spanish, the singular form would almost always be used. Similarly, a sentence such as No he tenido ningà ºn problema could be translated as either I havent had any problem or I havent had any problems, with any difference in meaning being very slight. But ningunos problemas is hardly ever used. Some examples showing how English equivalents can be singular or plural: Ninguna persona debe morir en la crcel. (Nobody should die in jail. No persons should die in jail.) No hay ninguna diferencia entre darle dinero al gobierno y quermarlo. (Theres no difference between giving money to the government and burning it. There are no differences between burning money and giving it to the government.) No tengo ninguna pregunta ms. (I dont have another question. I dont have any more quesitons.) It wouldnt be a grammatical crime to use the plural in Spanish sentence like those two, and indeed you may sometimes hear similar constructions. But as a general rule, the main time ningunos or ningunas is used is when referring to nouns that are grammatically plural although singular in meaning: No veo ningunas tijeras. I dont see any scissors. No necesito ningunas gafas. I dont need any glasses. No tengo ningunas ganas de estudiar. I dont have any desire to study. By the way, theres a reason many of the sentences about use both no and ninguno: Double negatives are common in Spanish. In fact, theyre required in many cases where theyd be wrong in English.

Principles of Visual Communication Messages Essay - 1

Principles of Visual Communication Messages - Essay Example This paper highlights that the scene where the art was created is some distance away from where community members reside. They were trying to raise some money by converting the parking lot into a modern park with a good playground. It is one of the strongest examples of my artistic work that has been nicely decorated to capture almost all aspects of the modern artistic work. This is because of the color used, outward appearance and the shape of the art. Its outward image also gives more than one representation of what the artist was trying to explain unlike his first artistic work that showed only one meaning. There was no mixing of information and the features presented within the art are proportional to one another. This work is of high quality though seen by most people as cheap and low in quality. For this reason, most people consider his work as deceitful. In fact, this type of work is not devious since an experienced and knowledgeable individual does it. â€Å"Davis argues tha t he normally does his work in this manner in order to save time and avoid arrest by law enforcers†. Ethical perspective â€Å"The image produced has some ethics in it, for instance the car parking being changed to a park implies that there are some reasons for that; may be the surrounding has attractive environmental features where people may relax their minds by looking at them rather than being a parking lot.† The presence of a person within the work shows that it is meant for people and the way it is presented shows ethics since there is no disorderliness. It is also clear and of three-dimensional appearances and; therefore, the whole piece can be easily analyzed. It can also be photocopied easily and produce other similar pieces within a very short time unlike other art works which are in sketchy form .

What I hope to gain from the MPA program at Metropolitan College of Essay

What I hope to gain from the MPA program at Metropolitan College of New York - Essay Example My work as a Counselor, Case Manager and Housing Specialist at organizations such as Help USA and Women In Need, has been deeply satisfying. My experience with the homeless has made me aware that there is a tremendous reserve of goodwill and monetary aid available in society, from both government and private sources, which can be directed towards the betterment of the economically underprivileged. It is the tragedy of our times that the full potential of these programs fails to reach the intended target, mainly because of poor implementation. This makes me determined to enhance my skills in leadership, management, marketing, finance and planning, so that I can significantly enhance my contribution to an organization, and become a more effective catalyst of constructive change. After more than a decade’s experience in the not-for-profit sector, the MPA Program at Metropolitan College of New York seems to be tailor-made for me! The program’s emphasis on policy research and implementation, strategic planning and analysis of financial costs, is just what I require to gain the theoretical knowledge which I can translate into practical organizational change at my workplace. I believe that my personal strengths, which include my love for working with people, my persuasive skills, assertiveness, and readiness to articulate problems, combined with the applied learning I gain from Metropolitan College of New York, will help me realize my goal of playing a part in the betterment of society. I am also confident that my twelve years as a working professional in the not-for-profit sector will be an asset to the classroom experience of my peers, and enable me to contribute positively to Metropolitan

Doppelganger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Doppelganger - Essay Example The Nolans use nonlinear narrative approach to capture the themes in the screenplay in a whole new fashion that not only entertains, but captures new aesthetics of a 21st century film. This paper analyses how different styles such as mise-en-scene, cinematography, editing and sound design affect the overall outcome of the themes and aesthetics in â€Å"The Prestige.† Robert Angier and Alfred Borden cut the image of two would-be illusionists working in harmony in Victorian London, but upon the unintended elimination of Angier’s wife, the two characters turn against each other; Bordwell (2013) noted that â€Å"with Julia’s death, the men become enemies.† Hell-bent on proving that the other is weaker and incapable, both parties discover a new center or focus in the elegant Olivia Wenscombe. By virtue of Wenscome, each of the two sinks deeper into mystery in an attempt to demonstrate that they he is the more powerful magician. â€Å"The Prestige† takes an atmospheric turn that seamlessly integrates magic’s natural mystery and secrecies with well-connected scenes that constantly ensure the audiences follow the story to the end while chasing unending solutions to the mysteries. Although, the storyline jumps from one time period to another in an effort to underscore the seriousness of the rivalry between the magicians, director Christopher Nolan clearly delineates the scenes to avoid any confusion among the audience. The carefully designed mise-en-scenes style featuring the two characters on the foreground at night in the outdoor scene, with lines of bulbs planted to the background, for example, not only creates an intriguing social life of the two characters at the beginning of the film, but also evokes a particular dreamlike value that is both attractive and mysterious (Bordwell, 2013). Neither of the two protagonists is predominantly likeable especially in the dark clothes they adorn and their shadowy movements. Both men have somehow

Critiquing Cosmetic Progression

Critiquing Cosmetic Progression Part One: About a decade ago, Dove Corporation released a controversial video, which, quite successfully, was able to subliminally banter the modern fashion industrys notorious inclination of distorting physical complexion for increased product marketing. Perhaps even more impressively, they accomplished this in less time than it takes to re-heat a leftover plate of spaghetti. Enter Dove: Evolution. Clocking in at just over a minute in length, this advertisement has achieved widespread appraisal for its unparalleled ability to challenge contemporary plights related to self- esteem (particularly in women) as a result of the constant degrading stimuli being solicited through media outlets. Upon watching this clip myself, I experienced an array of emotions ranging from calm, to apprehension, and even mild bewilderment. As the brief video has no dialogue, the importance of background music is noticeably enforced. At the opening, were presented with soothing classical piano chords, as our female su bject takes a seat before the camera inside of the contextual production studio. Alarmingly, the tempo begins to quicken; introducing heavy pulses of bass rhythm while simultaneously, bright lights are introduced as a means of hastily diminishing the facial blemishes of the woman. Her initially optimistic demeanor begins to steer toward that of a nerve wracked teenager as the videos speed becomes digitally modified cosmetologists bustle about, enhancing her hairstyle at an inhuman pace, while a quick series of bright camera shots catches the viewer off guard with a semi-photo sensitive intensity. Never ceasing in its rapid course, the video transitions to a final still-frame of the physically enhanced woman, at which point an Adobe PhotoShop heads-up display is introduced. Following a painstakingly meticulous series of alterations lip saturation, eye widening, shadow exaggerations, and a neck extension, the camera angle slowly pans outward; causing the viewer to witness a suburban street with our main characters revised complexion strung upon a billboard. A pair of young women, observe this obstruction in passing prior to the screens final fade to black. Subsequently, a credit appears to company, along with a statement concerning warped bodily perceptions. Theres meaning in the text and images here beyond what may be immediately apparent: theres a rhetorical framework and a message that suggests something more significant and complex than what observers may see on a first look. Part Two: Breaking down the advertisement further, it becomes quite apparent that a pathodic appeal to personal emotions is invoked on multiple levels. From the outset, the music puts us at ease, before abruptly shifting to incorporate drums and additional rock-based instruments on a dual track layer. Personally, this technique, coinciding with the changing facial expressions the woman was undergoing, resonated a sense of alarm within me (as if I was about to witness a pending act of brutality). With that said, I think any viewer experiencing similar emotions at this point would have found it appalling how relentlessly the hairdressers went about their business, seemingly void of any compassion. Maybe this was the directors intention, because a resulting feeling of sympathy for this woman blossomed in my soul. By now, Dove has its audiences feelings on autopilot, and is able to orchestrate them befittingly for the duration of the editing sequences. Im inclined to deduce that the photo-shopping was revealed in an attempt to drive the hammer into the nail of what we already knew this entire time nobody is naturally that attractive! That isnt to say, though, that the closing act couldnt be reaming with hints of ethos in addition to the aforementioned rhetoric. I noticed that the billboard hosting the end product pointed to another popular brand in the skin care sector. Do we sense a conspiracy at work amongst the conglomerates? Im going to circle back to this revelation later, as I believe its important to factor into the grand scheme of whats transpiring. Part Three: In continuance to the closing statement I made in the previous paragraph, there are a number of admonishments Id like to point out to my readers, in order to address the more metaphorical aspects of this video (or what may potentially be interpreted as such). First, something that caught my attention early on, was that the correction of facial blemishes on the subjected woman were given utmost priority to any other items on the touch-up task list. I would infer that on a larger scale, this hints at a hierarchical approach the fashion industry adopts when evaluating beauty. Following that logic, we could conclude that a raw human face warrants correction prior to any makeup, hair, or airbrush modifications conducted by modeling agency experts. Bluntly theyre judging your primary feature with heightened scrutiny. Secondly, the overall pace of the advertisement, as I previously mentioned, was extremely swift. Coupled with the background tunes, this probably assisted in delivering the broadest possible range of emotionally triggering stimuli to target audiences in the designated timeframe undoubtedly a premeditated play. The objective of this ad was essentially to call out the elephant in the room, (or in this case, perhaps the one in Hollywood) and in order to do that, Dove knew that relying on a pathos-based approach would prove to be a strategic ally to influence viewers with the desired message. Finally, the billboard itself was placed in a neighborhood which appeared to be centered on either: working-class citizens, high-school youth, and/or single parents aspiring for more. I gleaned this demographical hypothesis by noting the surrounding environment composed exclusively of brick apartment complexes, wire fencing, and used cars. Suffice it to say that if this is indeed a factual theory, it would correlate nicely with the idea that Dove wants to spread its agenda like a wildfire throughout the general consumer populace; many of whom may have otherwise remained in blissful ignorance to the proceedings commencing behind closed doors. Part Four: Primarily, I fathom that women of Millennial and X generations would be the most heavily impacted audience after watching this advertisement. Furthermore, I would ascertain that those impacts have mostly positive connotations, superseding the manipulative (unethical?) bodily practices exposed therein. In support of this claim, I located a research study conducted by Stephanie L Quigg in 2010. The purpose was to identify how a brief ad could mitigate the negative effects imposed on self-esteem through traditional media propaganda. The study consisted of exposing groups of women to one of three variants: a music video padded with standard commercials, the same music video padded with intervention commercials, and TV with non-human focused commercials. The outcome determined that seeing the music videos ultimately led to lower levels of self-satisfaction in test subjects, in contrast to the group that didnt. Interestingly though, in her subsequent book titled Body Image, Quiggreveals e xposure to the intervention commercial counter-acted this effect. Demonstrating the extent which media portrayals of women are artificially enhanced can mitigate detrimental effects on female appearance satisfaction (135-142). Earlier, I mentioned Id be elaborating on the concept of concealed marketing loaded inside of well-intentioned messaging. Taking a tip from Bob Garfield, a journalist reviewing the Ogilvy Mather Agency, (who represent the film) I quickly uncovered another mind who shares my chilling proposition. Quoting his article specifically, the bonus is, if they stay with this message come what may, theyll also turn over lots of whatever it is apart from the uncomfortable truth theyre selling (Garfield). That statement really makes me wonder if any act of good nature is pure these days; or is everything simply a clever ruse to boost a bottom line? Part Five: To culminate my analysis, Id like to reiterate to my readers, the importance of executing caution in response to all sources of mainstream advertising, regardless of implied positive messages. In this discussion, Ive brought to light how what was formerly thought to be a feat of goodwill by Dove, might actually constitute as a turncoat for a corrupted motive, depending on the eye of the beholder. Its crucial that we embrace this somewhat harsher truth going forward. In order to be competent citizens, its dire that we examine each aspect of a message. Otherwise, we become vulnerable to intelligently situated reverse psychology governing our buying impulses. Works Cited Quigg, Stephanie L., Stephen C. Want. Highlighting Media Modifications: Can a Television Commercial Mitigate the Effects of Music Videos on Female Appearance Satisfaction? Body Image, vol. 8, Elsevier, 2011, pp. 135-42. Science Direct, Elsevier, 2011, doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.11.008.Accessed 6 Mar. 2017. Tackling Ugly Truth, Dove Effort Evolves Beautifully. Review of Dove: Evolution, by Bob Garfield, 2006. Advertising Age, revision 2015, Crain Communications, 29 Oct. 2006, www.adage.com/article/ad-review/tackling-ugly-truth-dove-effort-evolves-beautifully/112837/.Accessed 6 Mar. 2017. Unilever Group. Dove: Evolution. The Evolution Video: The Use of Photoshop and Airbrushing in the Media, Unilever, 11 Jan. 2016, www.dove.com/uk/dove-self-esteem-project/help-for-parents/media-and-celebrities/the-evolution-video.html.Accessed 6 Mar. 2016.

The Death of the Pepsi Man :: Creative Writing Essays

The Death of the Pepsi Man      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One day while lost in the vast woodlands of Scotland, I came upon a pop machine,   I had no money, and because of my strong moral values, I felt I could not force it open with a stick or break it with a rock, because that was wrong. As I sat there leaning against it, I pondered how I could get a refreshing can of pop.   I got up and looked around to find a coin or a bill that someone might have left or lost.   After five or six hours I gave up, no one had dropped anything that I could find.   By this time it was now nightfall, so I slept leaning against this oasis.   While asleep, I had a wonderful dream of this pop machine.   I dreamed that it opened up and asked me to indulge in a cold refreshing drink.   Another dream I had was where every five minutes the machine gave me a can from now until eternity.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When I awoke I jumped up and turned around to see if any of the dreams were true.   I quickly saw that they were not.   I decided that I could not leave this place until I had enjoyed a can of pop.   By the 3rd day, I had to scout for food and water because I was feeling malnourished.   As I walked around I found a snack machine the kind with many divine foods inside such as candy bar and chips, but still no way to eat them.   I stayed here until morning trying to rig a transport of some sort for it.   I cut a tree down and made 4 wheels and eventually a cart to support the machine and than to transport the machine to the other.   This was such a great task, I forgot about my hunger.   By dusk I had arrived back at the pop machine.   As I set the candy machine next to the pop machine, my hunger came back even stronger than before  Ã‚   Once again, I knew I could not break into the machine to eat, again my strong moral values.   So I went out again in search of food and water.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As my walk progressed I found a stream and I took a drink and ate many fish, then thought that I should of cooked them first.   On my way back, I got lost and had to sleep under a foreign tree and try to find my way home at day break.   As I tried to find my way home, I found another machine.

Statistics and Difference

BIO 2003 SUMMATIVE ASSIGNMENT 2 Introduction: The report analyses the result of a study on workers from brick and tile industries conducted by the Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL). HSL put down few criteria’s to the workers which being that neither of the workers from the tiles and brick industries should have worked in both the industries and that they did not smoke. The criteria’s put across was an assurance to attain reliable results.The essence of the study lies in detecting any difference in the health of the workers in these industries (as identified by cell damage) if any and also to determine if any relationship exists between the length of service and the recorded health effect. The Null Hypothesis (Ho) states that no difference in the median between the percentage-damaged cells of the workers from the brick and tile industries is observed. Null Hypothesis for the correlation study also states that there is no correlation between the health effects of the wor kers and the time period they have worked in the industries.Nonetheless the Alternative Hypothesis (H1) states that the median percentage of damaged cell of the workers in the brick industry is different when compared to the median percentage of damaged cells of workers of both the operations. H1 for the correlation study states that correlation exists between the time period the workers have worked in the industry and their health effects. Analysis will be carried out with the help of the following 5 samples: * Worker ID * Age * Department * Length of service * Percentage of cell damage The above samples are independent within and also between each other.To obtain an accurate analysis of the data, the normality, box plot and straight-line relationship and independence of the statistical analysis will be checked. The Null or Alternative Hypothesis will be accepted or rejected on the basis of a statistical analysis, which will be used to analyse the median percentage of damaged cells got from the brick and tile operations. Table 1: Descriptive Statistics of brick and tile operation workers percentage damaged cells Variable| N| N*| Mean| SE Mean | St: Dev. | Minimum| Q1| Median| Q3| Maximum| % Damaged cells of Tile operation| 27| 0| 1. 337 | 0. 210 | 1. 090 | 0. 200 | 0. 600 | 1. 00| 1. 500 | 4. 700| % Damaged cells of Brick operation | 38| 0| 1. 532 | 0. 179 | 1. 106 | 0. 200 | 0. 536 | 1. 370| 2. 189 | 4. 562| Table 1 gives a descriptive data of the workers of the respective industries. As seen in the table above the % of damaged cells of the workers in the brick industry is higher when compared with the tile operation workers. The median percentage of brick industry workers is 1. 370 which is higher as compared to the brick operation workers which is 1. 100. The inter-quartile range which being the difference between Q3 and Q1 is higher for the brick operation compared to that of the tile.Figure 1:Box plot displaying %damage of cell in workers from both tile and brick industries. The figure above shows that the percentage-damaged cell for tile operators is lower when compared with the brick operators indicating a difference in the mean and median. Figure 1 shows a difference in the health hazard of the tile and brick workers. There is evidence of skewness in the distribution of brick operators whereas the tile distribution is symmetric, as the median line for the brick operators has shifted away from the centre.The % cell damage in workers of the tile operation is closely grouped apart from the 2 extreme outliers when compared to the % cell damage of the brick workers, which is quite wide. For the above box plot the need for a further analysis is to be carried out as the hypothesis cannot either be accepted neither rejected since the box plot only denotes statistical measures (mean, median, Q1, Q3, max & min values) which are not ample to prove the difference between the two sites. Figure 2: Histogram of the Tile and Brick operation dat a The % of damaged cells of the brick operation is higher when compared to the tile operation.This is concluded from the histogram above which exhibits that the bar values which is the % damaged cells for brick operation is higher than the bar value of the tile operation. We have used a histogram, as it is one of the important tools for a data analysis. Figure 3:The Test For Equal Variance. The values of the estimated equal variances show no difference in the % cell damage of the workers from the brick and tile operations’-value obtained from the Levene’s Test is 0. 200 which is also higher than 0. 05 implies that the hypothesis of difference cannot be rejected.The value of the F-Test is 0. 952 which being higher than 0. 05 shows also shows no signs that the null hypothesis (H0) should be rejected and also that there is no difference between %cell damage of workers from brick and tile operations. The obtained values from the test for equal variance point out to an abno rmal distribution of data stating the acceptance of the null hypothesis. Hence no clear evidence of a difference in the median among the % damaged cells in the workers of both the operations. Figure 4:Normal Distribution Graph For Brick And Tile Operation.Figure 4 illustrates a normal distribution graph for tile and brick operations. The figure above shows that the %damaged cells of brick and tile operations are not uniformly distributed, as the points are not scattered about a straight line. There is evidence that the residuals followed a skewed distribution and it can also be seen that the above graph does not follow any trend or pattern. The is no convincing evidence to reject the null hypothesis (H0) as the P-Value is lower than 0. 05 in Fig4. From the above facts it may be concluded that the residuals do not follow a normal distribution.A MANN WHITNEY TEST will be used to statistically analyse the data as the %damaged cells of workers in the tile operation shows that the data i s not normally distributed since the P-Value is lower than 0. 05 and also that the plots on the graph so no route any precise trend. MANN WHITNEY TEST Results & CI Of Tile & Brick Manufacturing Operations Table 2:illuminates the number of samples used in the Mann Whitney test and the obtained median for data of brick and tile manufacturing operations Sample type| Number of sample| Median| Tile | 27| 1. 100|Brick| 38| 1. 370| Point estimate for ETA1-ETA2 is 0. 200 95. 0% CI for ETA1-ETA2 is (-0. 323, 0. 800) W = 1319. 0 Test of ETA1 = ETA2 vs. ETA1 not = ETA2 is significant at 0. 3905 The test is significant at 0. 3903 (adjusted for ties). The results shows a confidence interval of 95% between 0. 323 and 0. 800 in the %damaged cells of workers In the brick and tile operations. Contrariwise the difference in the median is 0. 200(estimated), which means that 0. 200%(approximately) more % of damaged cells in workers of the brick operations than those of the tile operations.A 100% certai n analysis cannot be proven as the confidence interval (CI) is only 95%, hence creating a need for more data in order to achieve a 100% certain analysis. An analyses of results obtained shows the P-value got from the Mann-Whitney test was 0. 3905. Since the P-value is higher than 0. 05 it indicated no evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no differences. Therefore it can be concluded that there is no convincing evidence of difference in the median between %damaged cells of workers in the 2 operations. Conclusion:A use of various graphs and descriptive statistics were used and inferred to decide if there were any differences in the health of the workers of the 2 operations. The Mann Whitney U test was considered to find the difference in the %-damaged cells of the tile and brick operation workers. A conclusion may be drawn from the these analyses that there is scarce evidence to suggest that there is noteworthy difference in the % damaged cells in workers of tile and brick operat ions. Question: 2 Table 3: Paired T-test and 95% CI to determine if the data of % damaged cells and length of service of workers in two operations is paired. N| Mean| StDev| SE Mean| % Damaged cells| 65| 1. 451 | 1. 095| 0. 136| length of service (years | 65| 8. 995 | 7. 349| 0. 912| Difference| 65| -7. 544 | 6. 964| 0. 864| 95% CI for mean difference: (-9. 270, -5. 819) T-Test of mean difference = 0 (Vs. not = 0): T-Value = -8. 73 P-Value = 0. 000 The table shows the T-test and the P-value got is >0. 05 stating no convincing evidence to reject null hypothesis of no differences. It may be concluded that the data is paired since the P-value is 0. 000. A scatter plot may also be used to test the relationship between the two samples.Figure5: A scatter plot showing the correlation between the % of cells damaged with a regression line and the length of service in years. The predicted value for Regression is 17. 4%, which states the 17. 4% of the variability in the data is represented by the regression model. This cannot be used to get future values as the predictive value itself is very low. Pearson’s correlation needs to be conducted since the above scatter plot shows a minor positive association between the % damaged cells and the length of the service, but the damage of the cells in the future cannot be predicted.Pearson’s Correlation results: Difference 65 -7. 544 6. 964 0. 864 95% CI for mean difference: (-9. 270, -5. 819) T-Test of mean difference = 0 (vs. not = 0): T-Value = -8. 73 P-Value = 0. 000 Pearson correlation of length of service (years) and % damaged cells = 0. 417 P-Value = 0. 001. The association between the length of service and %damaged cells of the tile and brick operations cannot be accepted since the values from Pearson’s Correlation is 0. 417which is higher than 0. 400. Therefore a regression fitted line will be used to forecast the future data.The P-value is 0. 001 which being less than 0. 05 does not prove to be a con vincing evidence to reject null hypothesis (H0) of no differences. Hence a conclusion may be drawn stating a difference in the length of services and the % damaged cells of workers from both the operations. Hence a regression fitted line plot will be used to predict future values. Further Analysis: Figure6:shows the data between the %damaged cells and the age of workers as well as the regression line. The scatter plot above shows that there is a moderate positive correlation between the age and the % damaged cells.Therefore a Pearson’s correlation will be conducted. Pearson correlation of age (years) and % damaged cells = 0. 251 P-Value = 0. 044 The P value is 0. 044 which is less than 0. 05, this means that the null hypothesis must be rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted that there is not sufficient evidence available to say that there is a correlation. Conclusion: The data was analysed using descriptive statistics, various graphs, Pearson’s correlation and regression fitted line plot to find association between the % damaged cell and length of service in tile and brick operations.The results concluded that there is no association between the % of damaged cells and their length of service. However there was a positive correlation which was observed between the % of damaged cells and age of workers in both operations. This suggested that it is the age which is the cause of damage and not the dust. The first test carried out, concluded that there is no genuine difference between the health hazard of the worker at the tile and brick operation.The second test concluded that there is little relationship between the workers health and the length of their service. Since the R-sq value was only 17. 4%, the extent of damage cannot be predicted by the length of employment. Overall conclusion: It can be concluded that there is insignificant difference in the percentage damaged cells in the workers of tile and brick operations. It can also be concluded that age of workers and not the length of exposure to the dust in brick or tile operations increase % damaged cells of workers.