Surrealism Research Task

Artists Andre B dowseon (1896-1966) A French author and poet, best cognise as the Founder of Surrealism. Rene emigrate (1898-1967) A Belgian Surrealist leanmanryist who became salubrious know for his witty and thought-provoking images that repugns observers preconditioned perceptions of reality. Marcel jump (1887-1968) A French- American blusherer, carver and author who challenged courtly thought virtually r expenditureistic processes and art merchandise through subversive actions.He famously dubbed a urinal art and named it Fountain. Max Ernst (1891- 1976) A German painter and woodcarver who was a primary pioneer of the Dada ca determination and Surrealism, and famous for his declaiming flora. Man Ray (1890-1976) an American modernist artificer best kn cause for his experimental photography and as creator of the Ray-O- Graph. Joan Mirror (1893-1983) Catalan Spanish painter, sculptor, and potter cognize for his childlike, colorful paintings and as the inventor o f machine-driven drawing.Giorgio De Chorizo (1888-1978) A Greek-born Italian artist who fixed the Metaphysical art movement, characterized by his dreamlike works with sharp entrants of frolicsome and shadow which a good deal had a vaguely threatening, swarf atomic number 18thy quality. Yves Tangy (1900-1955) A French surrealist painter known for his nonrepresentational surrealist paintings which of vast, countermand landscapes, mostly in a tightly expressage palette of colors. Salvador Dali (1904-1989) A Spanish surrealist painter best known for the striking and freaky images in his surrealist work.Friday Kohl (1907-1954) A Mexican painter, not rigorously part of the surrealist movement, best known for her self-portraits which offer an stiff depiction of the female experience and form. Mret Op create verballyheim (1913-1985) a German-born Swiss, Surrealist artist, and photographer, best known for her sculpture serial manation of a teacup, saucer and spoon covered with hide from a Chinese gazelle. James Gleeson (191 5 -2008) An Australian artist best known for his works that delved into the sub conscious using literary, mythological or religious emergence matter. 2.Andre Breton surrounded himself with a group of artists with similar interests and in concert they formed the concept of surrealism. The social relationships between these owing(p) surrealist artists were valuable to their art making as hey collaborated with severally early(a) and received feedback and thinkings from each other. Breton was especially important as he was the leader of the surrealists, and it was under his focus and charisma that they created their art, and developed the idea of surrealism. It has similarly been give tongue to that at times the group was only held unitedly by the personality of Breton. . The initial response to surrealism was that the wider public did not understand it, or were shocked and pique by it. Art critics made fun of it and proverb it a s very poor. Despite this the movement presently gained a devoted following and audience. . Surrealism can be be as a twentieth-century literary and fastidious movement, developed from pappa that attempts to express the workings of the subconscious and is characterized by fantastic imagery and incongruous collocation of subject matter. Two Surrealist Manifestos were issued by the Surrealist movement, in 1924 and 1929.They were both(prenominal) written by And Breton. The First Manifesto defined Surrealism as Psychic automatism in its pure state, by which one proposes to express verbally, by meaner of the written word, or in each other manner the actual functioning of thought. Dictated by the thought, in the absence seizure of any control exercised by reason, exempt from any aesthetic or moral concern. Group of 20th century surrealists The Surrealists wished to create art that was completely unaffectionate of rational thought or censorship.They promoted freedom of constructio n and art that was not limited or neutered by personal or societal ethical motive or decorum. They were attempting to sacking a revolution in consciousness that would trade life and purchase order. 5. Surrealism started in genus capital of France, with the scratch line Manifesto organism released in 1924. Although principally literary to begin with, the movement quickly expanded into the habitual arts (Breton courted Picasso assiduously, to no avail), and its first painting supply La Painter Surrealists was comprised at Galleries capital of South Dakota in 1925. The movement continued to thrive in Paris during the late sass.The movement was introduced to the international stage during the sass with study shows in Brussels, Copenhagen, London, New York and Paris. It chop-chop became a worldwide popular phenomenon with branches in England, Czechoslovakia, Belgium, Egypt, Denmark, Japan, the Netherlands, Romania and Hungary. betwixt 1930 and 1935, Salvador Dali and Rene M argarita produced some of their most memorable works and helped puddle the usual bearing of Surrealism. By 1939, galore(postnominal) of the major surrealists, including Andre Breton, Max Ernst and Andre Manson, had relocated to the United States so as to avoid the impact of cosmos War II in France.After World War II, Andre Breton returned to Paris, though society mood of post-war depression was not receptive to the freakish style of Surrealism. Despite this, major surrealist exhibitions were held in Paris in 1947 and 1959, and surrealist ideas and techniques made their mark on some(prenominal) of the post-war art movements. There is no clear stipulation about the land up of Surrealism. Some art experts drive that it dissolved after the war others mark the ending of And Breton in 1966 or Salvador Dali in 1989 as the end of Surrealism as an organized movement. 6.Surrealism started in Paris by Andre Breton, and quickly grew as a movement to have legion(predicate) different artists in Paris. Just earlier to World War II, a occur of crucial Surrealist artists moved together to New York to avoid the impacts of war, and Surrealism became a popular movement in the U. S. A. Also, while at that place was no organized surrealist movement in Australia, many Australian artists adopted the style ruing the sasss. 7. Surrealism came about as a movement imputable to many factors and surrealist artists were influenced by many different sources.The surrealist movement grew from Dadaism, however had a more positive take on Dadaism fundamentally negative message. The most prominent apt influence on the idea of Surrealism was the theories of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), the neurologist and pay of psychoanalysis. Andre Breton and other surrealists were very impressed with Frauds insights into the unconscious(p), which they thought would be a major source of untapped exhibits and imagery. They utilize his theories to get past the boundaries between fantasy and re ality.Surrealist artists were also rebelling against bourgeois society acceptance of the horrors of war and their ecumenical complacence towards social, cultural, and political issues. The Surrealists wished to shock, offend or give notice a reaction in society in an attempt to make them think more about their conforming to society expectations and acceptance of their nations governance without question. They were attempting to spark a revolution in consciousness that would change life and society. A section of The Garden of worldly Delights, by Hieronymus Busch A section of The Garden of earthbound Delights, by Hieronymus Busch 8.Surrealist artists got their dream from various prior movements and artists. The Surrealists precious to create art that was marvelous and mystical. The detailed fantasies of Hieronymus Busch (1453-1516) and the exist engravings of prisons by Giovanni Battista Praises (1720-1778) were significant sources of inspiration. In terms of 19th century sty les, surrealists thought Impressionism too naturalistic, and preferred Pre-Raphael and symbolist works, such(prenominal) as the astigmatism etc.ings and strange paintings by Max Clinger (1857-1920), and the vivid Oceanic primitivism of capital of Minnesota Gauguin.Aside from Dada, two other significant painting style influences on Surrealism were the 19th century Symbolism movement, and the Italian school of Metaphysical Painting, originated by Giorgio De Chorizo. Surrealists also got inspiration from several different writers. One such writer the surrealists claimed they owed some(prenominal) inspiration from was Gallinule Billionaire, who compose hallucinated, light poetry and also who set asided the name for the surrealist movement. Other writers include the Gothic 18th century English authors, whose novels render mysterious happenings, cruelty, madness and eroticism. . Surrealist artists use numerous techniques to provide inspiration for their imaginative artworks. more o f these are state to free imagination by producing a originative process free of conscious control. The importance of the unconscious as a source of inspiration is fundamental to the nature of surrealism. Popular techniques include Frontage a mode of creation in which one takes a pencil or other drawing dig and makes a rubbing over a rough-textured sur shell. The drawing can either be left wing as is or used as the fanny for further refinement. Invented by Max Ernst in 1925.Declaiming A process of sp variant thick paint upon a canvas past?while it is still tight?covering it with further material such as paper or aluminum foil. This covering is then removed (again before the paint dries), and the resultant paint pattern draws the basis of the finished painting. Involuntary scratch Surrealism describes as involuntary sculpture those made by absent-minded manipulating some intimacy, such as rolling and unrolling a depiction ticket, bending a paper clip etc. Photometer The making of a composite picture by attenuatedting and Joining a number of photographs.Automatic Drawing Invented by Andre Manson, Joan Mirror, and Paul Sleek, the technique of automatic drawing involved using a pen or other drawing instrument and permit it wander over the page without any conscious planning. Exquisite corpse a method by which a collection of words or images are collectively assembled. It is played like a plot of ground in which players wrote or drew on a section of paper, folded it to conceal part of the writing or drawing, and then passed it to the next player for them to continue it on.Paranoiac-critical method a technique invented by Salvador Dali in which the artist invokes a paranoid state (fear that the self is being manipulated, targeted or controlled by others). The result is a deconstructionism of the psychological concept of identity, so that subjectivity becomes the chief(prenominal) aspect of the artwork. Found Object art created from undisguised, but oftentimes modified, objects or products that are not unremarkably considered art, often because they already have a non-art function. 10. Many experiences and events from their cultivation or era influenced the surrealist artists art suffice.Salvador Dalais artworks often included symbols of war and violence, in reference to the war brewing in his home country of Spain. He also often included soft objects such as the clocks in The Persistence of reminiscence or his self portraits, which were most likely influenced by Dalais feelings towards his own impotence. Max Ernst is well known for his absurd illustrations cut out of books of grotesque hybrids of humans and birds, an ongoing story in Errants work passim his life due to the childhood trauma of his pet cockatoo dying dark his sister was born.Rene Margaritas works featuring people with cloths covering their faces is utter to have been influenced by the state Margaritas mother was found in after committing suicide by drow ning-with her costume covering her face. Marcel Duchesss Futurism excite piece The Bride marginal Bare by Her Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass) was inspired by a performance of the stage edition of Recourses novel Impressions diffuser which Decamp attended in 1912. 1 1 .The surrealists were rebelling against what its members saw as the dying brought on by the rationalism of atomic number 63an culture and politics in the past and had deed to the horrors of World War l. They were also rebelling against many conditions of their culture, such the complacency of bourgeois society, sexual repression, as well as current political theories or figures such as capitalism, Fascism, and fascist leaders such as skirt Hitler and Franco. Margaritas Treachery of Images (This is not a pipe) 12.Surrealist artists intended to inspire the human experience, by freeing people from what they viewed as false rationality, and restrictive customs and social structures. As Andre Breton claimed, the tru e aim of Surrealism is long live the social evolution, and it alone . For example, Margaritas The Treachery of images This is not a pipe) aimed to challenge the linguistic convention of identifying an image of something as the thing itself, and was a reaction to the Rationalism that surrealists believed led Europe into World War l.Margarita intentions in creating his work The violate, which depicts a womans head with breasts and genitals on the face instead of facial boasts, was to comment on the commons view of women at this time as plainly compromised objects that exist only for male satisfaction. Duchesss intentions in reading his artwork fountain which was a urinal laid now on its back rather than it usual respectable position, was to challenge society and the art worlds idea of what was or what could be art.He wanted to bring about the idea that art did not have to be created by the artist, it could simply be an everyday object selected by the artist and altered so it no long-run had a practical use. 13. Many of the Surrealist artists developed a trademark style, technique or base that appeared throughout their works. Joan Mirror has become well known for his colorful, biomorphic forms, roughly metric shapes, and barely recognizable objects expressed in multiple media, from ceramics and engravings to large bronze installations.Yves Tansys artworks usually feature vast, abstract landscapes, mostly in a limited palette of colors, only occasionally showing flashes of severalize colors. Typically, in these alien landscapes are various abstract shapes, sometimes like shards of glass, sometimes like demon amoebae. Man Rays trademark was that of rich photographs depicting nude women who exuded a sense of subtle eroticism as well as strength and strangeness. His nudes were also often in interesting positions or posed with objects to enlarge to the sinister tone.De Chorizo was known for his use of motifs?empty arcades, towers, extensive shadows, manne quins, and trains among others?that he arranged to create images of forlornness and nothingness that also convey a feeling of business leader and freedom. Salvador Dali used many symbols in his works. The motif of the burning giraffe in many of his paintings equal a premonition of war, his roaring Siberian tigers symbolized Dalais married woman Gala when angered, the wooden crutch homebodies death and resurrection as well as possibly impotence, and grasshoppers were symbols of decay. 14. Art Practice refers to the way in which an artist creates their artworks.The two predominant styles of practice in surrealism was the technique of abstract surrealism, often with the use of automatism, or the realistic, dream-like form of surrealism. Joan Mirror became well-known for his use of automatism, while Salvador Dali gained worldwide success for his realistic, dreamboats paintings. Salvador DALi Soft self-portrait with broiled bacon 1941 oil on canvas 1. Xx. 0 CM Salvador DALi Salvador Dali was born May 1 1, 1904 in Figures, Spain. From an other(a) age Dali was encouraged to create art and later(prenominal) went on to study art at an academy in Madrid.During his studies, he was influenced by several different fine styles, including Metaphysics and Cubism. In the sasss Dali went to Paris and began interacting with Picasso, Emigrate, and Mirror. During his time in Paris, Dali painted a number of works that displayed Picasso influence, and did a good deal experimentation with his art, leading to his first Surrealist phase in 1929. He created oil paintings which were small collages of his dream images. His work employed a precise classical technique, influenced by Renaissance artists, which contradicted the unreal dream setting he created with strange hallucinatory figures.Even before this period of his art, Dali was an devouring(prenominal) reader of Sigmund Frauds psychoanalytic theories. As his style matured, Dalais works became more and more affected by Fre ud and were progressively shaped into dreamlike illustrations. In 1929, Dali met the Russian Gala, who would become his wife and muse. By 1930, Salvador Dali had become a rambling figure in the Surrealist movement, with his painting The Persistence of Memory (1931) being produced to much acclaim. The painting shows melting bag watches in a landscape setting.As war approached in Europe, specifically in Spain with the rise of the fascist leader Franco, Dali clashed with members of the Surrealist movement. In a trial held in 1934, he was expelled from the group, but that did not prevent him from continuing his painting, which took on a technical brilliance combining meticulous detail with fantastic and limitless imagination. Joan Mirror The Nightingales striving at Midnight and the Morning Rain 1940 Joan Mirror (1893-1983) was a world renowned Spanish Catalan painter, sculptor and ceramist who was born in Barcelona.Mirror moved to Paris at an early age, where he began to develop hi s outlawed style of art making. He soon became known in the art world as a Surrealist because of his love for automatism and the use of sexual symbols in much of his work. Joan Mirror was against the established painting methods of the time, and is often verbalise to have been the founder of automatic drawing. During his career, Joan Mirror experimented with many different types of art arm, refusing to commit to one artistic movement, even experimenting with tapestry.Joan Mirror also began to delve into other aspects of media, including ceramics and window paintings. At the time of his death, Joan Mirror was ill from heart disease and respiratory complications. He died at his home in Palm, Mallory on December 25th, 1983. He is buried in his home town of Barcelona, approach a museum that is dedicated entirely to his work. Today, his works are displayed in museums and galleries all over the world, and sell for anywhere between $250,000 and $17 million. By Lucy McKnight